Skip to content

The disproportionate cost of operation and congenital anomalies in infancy.

CPQCC Publication
TitleThe disproportionate cost of operation and congenital anomalies in infancy.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2019
AuthorsApfeld JC, Kastenberg ZJ, Gibbons AT, Phibbs CS, Lee HC, Sylvester KG
JournalSurgery
Volume165
Issue6
Pagination1234-1242
Date Published2019 06
ISSN1532-7361
KeywordsCalifornia, Congenital Abnormalities, Facilities and Services Utilization, Female, Health Expenditures, Healthcare Disparities, Hospital Costs, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Information Storage and Retrieval, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Intensive Care, Neonatal, Male
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Congenital anomalies are the leading cause of infant death and pediatric hospitalization, but existing estimates of the associated costs of health care are either cross-sectional surveys or economic projections. We sought to determine the percent of total hospital health care expenditures attributable to major anomalies requiring surgery within the first year of life.

METHODS: Utilizing comprehensive California statewide data from 2008 to 2012, cohorts of infants undergoing major surgery, with birth defects and with surgical anomalies, were constructed alongside a referent group of newborns with no anomalies or operations. Cost-to-charge and physician fee ratios were used to estimate hospital and professional costs, respectively. For each cohort, costs were broken down according to admission, birth episode, and first year of life, with additional stratifications by birth weight, gestational age, and organ system.

RESULTS: In total, 68,126 of 2,205,070 infants (3.1%) underwent major surgery (n = 32,614) or had a diagnosis of a severe congenital anomaly (n = 57,793). These accounted for $7.7 billion of the $18.9 billion (40.7%) of the total health care costs/expenditures of the first-year-of-life hospitalizations, $7.0 billion (48.6%) of the costs for infants with comparatively long birth episodes, and $5.2 billion (54.7%) of the total neonatal intensive care unit admission costs. Infants with surgical anomalies (n = 21,264) totaled $4.1 billion (21.7%) at $80,872 per infant. Cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases accounted for most admission costs secondary to major surgery or congenital anomalies.

CONCLUSION: In a population-based cohort of infant births compared with other critically ill neonates, surgical congenital anomalies are disproportionately costly within the United States health care system. The care of these infants, half of whom are covered by Medi-Cal or Medicaid, stands as a particular focus in an age of reform of health care payments.

DOI10.1016/j.surg.2018.12.022
Alternate JournalSurgery
PubMed ID31056199