Title | Early working memory as a racially and ethnically neutral measure of outcome in extremely preterm children at 18-22 months. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2013 |
Authors | Lowe JR, Duncan AFreeman, Bann CM, Fuller J, Hintz SR, Das A, Higgins RD, Watterberg KL |
Corporate Authors | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network |
Journal | Early Hum Dev |
Volume | 89 |
Issue | 12 |
Pagination | 1055-61 |
Date Published | 2013 Dec |
ISSN | 1872-6232 |
Keywords | Attention, Child Development, Cohort Studies, Continental Population Groups, Educational Status, Ethnic Groups, Humans, Infant, Infant, Extremely Premature, Logistic Models, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Sex Factors |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: Difficulties with executive function have been found in preterm children, resulting in difficulties with learning and school performance. AIM: This study evaluated the relationship of early working memory as measured by object permanence items to the cognitive and language scores on the Bayley Scales-III in a cohort of children born extremely preterm. STUDY DESIGN: Logistic regression models were conducted to compare object permanence scores derived from the Bayley Scales-III by race/ethnicity and maternal education, controlling for medical covariates. SUBJECTS: Extremely preterm toddlers (526), who were part of a Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network's multi-center study, were evaluated at 18-22 months corrected age. OUTCOME MEASURES: Object permanence scores derived from the Bayley Developmental Scales were compared by race/ethnicity and maternal education, controlling for medical covariates. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in object permanence mastery and scores among the treatment groups after controlling for medical and social variables, including maternal education and race/ethnicity. Males and children with intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were less likely to demonstrate object permanence mastery and had lower object permanence scores. Children who attained object permanence mastery had significantly higher Bayley Scales-III cognitive and language scores after controlling for medical and socio-economic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our measure of object permanence is free of influence from race, ethnic and socio-economic factors. Adding this simple task to current clinical practice could help detect early executive function difficulties in young children. |
DOI | 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.08.009 |
Alternate Journal | Early Hum Dev |
PubMed ID | 23993309 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC3830714 |
Grant List | U10 HD27851 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States U10 HD021373 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States UL1 RR25744 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States U10 HD53109 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States U10 HD53089 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States UL1 TR000454 / TR / NCATS NIH HHS / United States UL1 RR025744 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States RR25008 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States M01 RR80 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States M01 RR32 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States U10 HD40492 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States U10 HD53119 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States M01 RR59 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States U10 HD21364 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States U10 HD34216 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States M01 RR70 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States U10 HD36790 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States U10 HD27880 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States UL1 TR001449 / TR / NCATS NIH HHS / United States UG1 HD053089 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States U10 HD27904 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States UL1 RR24979 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States U10 HD27856 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States U10 HD40461 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States M01 RR39 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States M01 RR30 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States UL1 TR000041 / TR / NCATS NIH HHS / United States UL1 TR001085 / TR / NCATS NIH HHS / United States M01 RR750 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States M01 RR54 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States M01 RR997 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States U10 HD053089 / HD / NICHD NIH HHS / United States UL1 RR024979 / RR / NCRR NIH HHS / United States |